International Taxation
An alien is any individual who is not a U.S. citizen or a U.S. national. A nonresident alien is an alien who does not meet the green card test or substantial presence test.
“Inbound” refers to non-U.S. persons (both individuals as well as entities) with U.S. income and/or U.S. activities. A typical inbound circumstance exists where a foreign corporation has income and/or activities in the U.S.
“Outbound” refers to U.S. persons with non-U.S. income and/or non-U.S. activities. A typical outbound circumstance exists where a U.S. headquartered corporation has income and/or activities in other countries.